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Upper Vindhyan Gr

Upper Vindhyan Gr

Period: 
Stenian, Tonian

Age Interval: 


Province: 
Proterozoic N.India Vindhyan Basin west, Proterozoic N.India Vindhyan Basin east

Type Locality and Naming

Upward succession of Kaimur Fm, Rewa Fm and Bhandar Fm (termed groups by Basu and Chakrabarti, 2020), but their internal members (or formations) differ between the West (Chambal Valley Sector) and the East (Son Valley Sector)

Synonym: Upper Vindhyan SuperGroup (used as SuperGroup by Basu and Chakrabarti, 2020; but as Group by Sarkar and Banerjee, 2020, which is used here).


Lithology and Thickness

Sandstone and shale are dominant


Lithology Pattern: 
Clayey sandstone


Relationships and Distribution

Lower contact

Major hiatus; overlies Lower Vindhyan Gr (Khorip Fm in West; Rohtas Fm in East)

Upper contact

In WEST - Overlain by Deccan Traps Fm. In EAST – Overlain by alluvial Lameta Fm or modern Laterite soil.

Regional extent


GeoJSON

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Fossils


Age 

Most radiometric ages are in range of ca. 1100 to 900 Ma; but are inconsistent among relative stratigraphic position and methods. For graphic purposes, scaled through that interval, with approximate 2:1:2 ratios among the three formations, based on their relative total thicknesses in East Vindhyan Basin (hence 1100-1020 for Kaimur Fm, 1020-980 for Rewa Fm, and 980-900 Ma for Bhandar Fm suites).

Age Span: 

    Beginning stage: 
Stenian

    Fraction up in beginning stage: 
0.5

    Beginning date (Ma): 
1,100.00

    Ending stage: 
Tonian

    Fraction up in the ending stage: 
0.35

    Ending date (Ma):  
902.00

Depositional setting


Depositional pattern:  


Additional Information


Compiler:  

Main sources: S. Sarkar and S. Banerjee (2020), A Synthesis of Depositional Sequence of the Proterozoic Vindhyan Supergroup in Son Valley, Springer Geology, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9551-3_2

Basu, P., and Chakrabarti, R. 2020. Origin and evolution of the Vindhyan Basin: A geochemical perspective. Proc. Indian Natn. Sci. Acad., 86: 111-126.

Kumar, S., 2012. Stratigraphy and correlation of the Neoproterozoic deposits of central and western India: an overview. In Bhat, G. M., Craig, J., Thurow, J. W., Thusu, B.&Cozzi, A. (eds) 2012. Geology and Hydrocarbon Potential of Neoproterozoic–Cambrian Basins in Asia. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 366, 75–90.